Page 254 - Vitamin D and Cancer

10 Vitamin D and Prostate Cancer 241

date. Increased attention to the underlying molecular defects in individual prostate
cancer may allow for more robust identification of ways in which vitamin D can be
harnessed to help men who suffer from this disease.

References

1. Garland CF, Garland FC (1980) Do sunlight and vitamin D reduce the likelihood of colon
cancer? Int J Epidemiol 9:227–231
2. Schwartz GG, Hulka BS (1990) Is vitamin D deficiency a risk factor for prostate cancer?
(Hypothesis). Anticancer Res 10:1307–1311
3. Chen TC, Wang L, Whitlatch LW et al (2003) Prostatic 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1alpha-
hydroxylase and its implication in prostate cancer. J Cell Biochem 88:315–322
4. Cross HS, Bareis P, Hofer H et al (2001) 25-Hydroxyvitamin D(3)-1alpha-hydroxylase and
vitamin D receptor gene expression in human colonic mucosa is elevated during early can-
cerogenesis. Steroids 66:287–292
5. Schwartz GG, Whitlatch LW, Chen TC et al (1998) Human prostate cells synthesize 1,
25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 from 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
7:391–395
6. Tangpricha V, Flanagan JN, Whitlatch LW et al (2001) 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1alpha-
hydroxylase in normal and malignant colon tissue. Lancet 357:1673–1674
7. Zehnder D, Bland R, Williams MC et al (2001) Extrarenal expression of 25-hydroxyvitamin
d(3)-1 alpha-hydroxylase. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86:888–894
8. Brenza HL, DeLuca HF (2000) Regulation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 1alpha-hydroxylase
gene expression by parathyroid hormone and 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Arch Biochem
Biophys 381:143–152
9. Haussler MR, Whitfield GK, Haussler CA et al (1998) The nuclear vitamin D receptor:
biological and molecular regulatory properties revealed. J Bone Miner Res 13:325–349
10. Takeyama K, Kitanaka S, Sato T et al (1997) 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1alpha-hydroxylase
and vitamin D synthesis. Science 277:1827–1830
11. Deeb KK, Trump DL, Johnson CS (2007) Vitamin D signalling pathways in cancer: potential
for anticancer therapeutics. Nat Rev Cancer 7:684–700
12. Hewison M, Zehnder D, Bland R et al (2000) 1alpha-Hydroxylase and the action of vitamin
D. J Mol Endocrinol 25:141–148
13. Holick CN, Stanford JL, Kwon EM et al (2007) Comprehensive association analysis of the
vitamin D pathway genes, VDR, CYP27B1, and CYP24A1, in prostate cancer. Cancer
Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 16:1990–1999
14. Cross HS, Bises G, Lechner D et al (2005) The vitamin D endocrine system of the gut – its
possible role in colorectal cancer prevention. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 97:121–128
15. Hedlund TE, Moffatt KA, Miller GJ (1996) Vitamin D receptor expression is required for
growth modulation by 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the human prostatic carcinoma
cell line ALVA-31. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 58:277–288
16. Miller GJ, Stapleton GE, Ferrara JA et al (1992) The human prostatic carcinoma cell line
LNCaP expresses biologically active, specific receptors for 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin
D3. Cancer Res 52:515–520
17. Skowronski RJ, Peehl DM, Feldman D (1993) Vitamin D and prostate cancer: 1, 25 dihy-
droxyvitamin D3 receptors and actions in human prostate cancer cell lines. Endocrinology
132:1952–1960
18. Beer TM, Myrthue A, Garzotto M et al (2004) Randomized study of high-dose pulse
calcitriol or placebo prior to radical prostatectomy. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 13:
2225–2232