Page 238 - Vitamin D and Cancer

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Table 10.1 Selected genes found to have a functional VDRE
Calcium/bone metabolism:
Osteoclastin [24]
Osteopopontin [25]
Bone sialoprotein [155]
PTH (repression) [29]
PTHrp [156]
Calcium binding proteins (calbindin, D28-k, dak) [157]
RANKL [158]
Cell cycle regulators:
p21 [26]
GADd45 [27]
IGFBP3 [159, 160]
Cell adhesion:
Fibronectin [161]
Beta-3 integrin [162]
Involucrin [163]
Cell signaling:
cfos [164]
Phospholipase C [165]
EGFR [166]
TNF-alpha [65]
Vitamin D metabolism and others:
Runx2/Cbfa1 [167]
Insulin receptor [30]
Carbonic anhydrase II [168]
Human growth hormone [169]
Fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase [170]
CYP2A1 [11, 28, 171]
CYP2B1 (repression) [8]
25(OH)D3 24-hydroxylase [172]

Table 10.2 Non-genomic signals regulated by vitamin D
Protein kinase C [33, 36]
Raf-MEK-MAPK-ERK pathway [33–35]
Protein lipase A [173]
Protein kinase A [174]
Phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase/Akt [11, 32]
Rapid intestinal calcium absorption [11, 32]
Bcl-2 downregulation [31]
Interruption of IL-8 [63]

activation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21 (directly) and p27 (indirectly)
[26, 45]. While vitamin D regulates the transcription of these cell cycle regulators, it
also inhibits some mitosis signaling pathways. These include, but are not limited to,
epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR), [47] c-myc, [48, 49] and ERK/MAPK
[35, 50, 51] (see Table 10.1).